Giving gifts alters brain chemistry through the reward centre releasing neurotransmitters – a psychological response called ‘helpers high’.  This means that you benefit from chocolate at Easter, even if you don’t eat any.

As with most things in life, moderation is key. Excess can soon turn positive feelings into negative ones, and this is particularly true with chocolate.  There are proven health benefits from eating approximately 50g per day, specifically 70-85% cocoa solids. Exceeding this amount can negatively affect health.

The Benefits of (Dark) Chocolate

Generally, the higher the cocoa percentage, the better dark chocolate is for you. As well as consisting of mostly heart-healthy fats, it is a source of fibre, iron, magnesium and antioxidants, which can help reduce the risk of developing some diseases. These benefits include:

• Lowering ‘non-beneficial’ LDL cholesterol

• Preventing cell damage

• Protecting against arterial stiffness, which can increase stroke and heart attack risk

• Improving blood glucose management

• Boosting brain health

A Word of Caution

Even quality chocolate with a high percentage of cocoa solids can negatively impact health if eaten in excess. It may also impact sleep if you are sensitive to stimulants, particularly in the evening.

The high sugar and fat content can cause:

• Weight gain

• Energy spikes followed by fatigue

• Increased risk of metabolic conditions

• Tooth decay, particularly when consumed throughout the day

• Digestive discomfort

Health, Enjoyment and Perspective

Occasional indulgence is not only normal, but important. Eating well for most of the time heightens our enjoyment and appreciation of the foods and treats we enjoy less frequently.

At Dr Sophia Khalique Associates, we champion a sophisticated, preventative approach to health that embraces clinical integrity and the art of living well.

True wellbeing is not defined by restriction, but by balance. Occasional indulgence, when thoughtfully chosen, forms part of a sustainable and considered lifestyle, where long-term health is shaped by thoughtful daily choices, not by isolated moments.

The post EASTER EGGS: NOT ALL CHOCOLATE IS CREATED EQUAL appeared first on Dr Sophia Khalique.

She immediately referred me to a cardiologist, where I had an angiogram, and as result, had a stent fitted. This timely intervention may have saved my life. I am truly grateful to Dr. Sophia for her care and guidance”. Nick True

Practice What You Preach – Preventative Health Screening

As both a practitioner, and a firm believer in ‘top-to-toe’ preventative health assessments, over the last few years I have had my own health screenings, including extensive blood tests, and multiple MRIs and Ultrasound scans, I had however yet to have had a full cardiac assessment.

Why should I have a CT Coronary Angiogram?

Although my family has a history of diabetes and high cholesterol – my late father passed in his eighties of vascular dementia – my cholesterol is not elevated, and I have no inherited cardiovascular risk factors such as a raised Lipoprotein (a) level.

I am not overweight, have a good diet (most of the time!), exercise regularly and sleep well., However, at 57 I knew it was a good idea to have an in-depth view of my heart with a CT Coronary Angiogram (CTCA).

What is a CT Coronary Angiogram?

It’s a non-invasive test that reveals if you have any build-up of plaque; type of plaque (often described as soft or hard) and the extent and severity of any heart disease.

It also looks at the chambers of the heart, the valves and the main blood vessels from the heart (including the aorta).

It generates 3D images of your heart. If your results show mild to moderate plaque burden, then it’s a time to address lifestyle and preventative measures including medication.

Occasionally patients with no symptoms are found to have critical blockages in their arteries requiring lifesaving angioplasty. It’s not often. Current NHS guidelines only recommend a CTCA as a first-line investigation in symptomatic patients.

Advantages of a CT Coronary Angiogram

• Unlike invasive coronary angiography, it doesn’t require a catheter to be threaded into the heart, so has fewer complications

• Provides fast, highly detailed 3D images of the heart’s anatomy

• Can detect other diseases of the heart and lungs

Limitations of a CT Coronary Angiogram

• The procedure uses X-rays, so there is some radiation exposure, however this is minimal with the new scanners we use

• The contrast dye carries a rare risk of allergic reaction

How is a CT Coronary Angiogram Done?

It’s a quick procedure which takes about 15 minutes; it’s not as confined as an MRI scanner which is noisy and can leave some of us, including me, feeling claustrophobic.

You lie on a bed that moves through the scanner, and a contrast agent is injected into a vein in your arm which allows the arteries to be visualised.

You might feel a warm, tingling sensation from the contrast dye as it spreads through your body and is processed by your kidneys but only lasts a few seconds.

My CTCA Results

The header image used for this blog is a picture of my heart, and I am pleased to report that there was no calcification or plaque, which puts me on the zero percentile for my age and sex.

I am not planning to stop my statins but am reassured that ‘so far so good’.

An Expert’s Review of Cardiovascular Imaging

My tests were carried out by Professor Saeed Mirsadraee, a globally-recognised expert  in advanced Cardiovascular CT and cardiac imaging. He’s responsible for reviewing all of our patients’ cardiovascular scans.

Book a Preventative Health Assessment

To find out more about our Preventative Health Assessments, book a preliminary consultation with us here or alternatively call 020 7935 4357.

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GLP-1 peptides like Ozempic / Wegovy (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) are known for helping people lose weight and manage blood sugar. But the real story is much bigger.

Mounjaro is a type of medication called a dual incretin. It acts on two natural peptide hormone pathways in the body — GLP-1 and GIP. These are signals your body uses after eating to manage energy, hunger and insulin.

By mimicking these hormones, Mounjaro controls appetite, glucose and fat. But that’s not all. These pathways are also active in many other parts of the body — including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys.

Here are some of the effects doctors and researchers are now seeing outside of weight and blood sugar.

Your Heart

GLP-1s appear to support heart health in multiple ways.

• It helps reduce inflammation in blood vessels
• It improves the lining of arteries, which helps them stay flexible
• It lowers markers linked to heart attacks and strokes

In large studies of GLP-1s like Ozempic and Mounjaro, people had fewer heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths — even before they lost much weight.

This suggests these benefits come from the drug’s direct action on the heart and blood vessels, not just from weight loss.

Your Kidneys

In people with type 2 diabetes, kidney problems are common. GLP-1 medications seem to protect the kidneys by:

• Reducing protein loss in urine (a sign of early kidney damage)
• Slowing decline in kidney function
• Lowering inflammation and scarring in the kidney

In a major study published in 2024, people taking semaglutide had fewer kidney-related complications and fewer hospital admissions. Mounjaro is being studied in this area now.

Your Brain

There’s growing interest in how GLP-1 and GIP agonists affect the brain. These medications activate receptors in areas of the brain involved in appetite, memory, and mood. Some early research suggests they may help in:

• Slowing memory decline
• Supporting brain function in conditions like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s
• Improving motivation and energy
• Reducing cravings for food, alcohol, drugs or even addictive behaviours

Much of this research is still early, but the results are encouraging. Our team’s interest in the intersection between brain health and longevity is covered in our Anti-Ageing Medicine resource. 

Your Liver

GLP-1s may help reduce fat in the liver.

Fatty liver disease — now very common — can lead to inflammation, scarring, and in some cases, liver failure.

Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) has been shown to:

• Reduce fat deposits in the liver
• Improve insulin sensitivity in liver cells
• Lower inflammation linked to liver damage

This is especially useful for people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, or metabolic syndrome.

Your Gut and Microbiome

These medications slow digestion. This helps you feel fuller for longer. But there’s more. They may also:

• Improve gut barrier function
• Increase healthy gut bacteria
• Reduce inflammation linked to poor gut health

Your gut communicates with your immune system, brain, and metabolism. Improving this balance may have benefits beyond digestion.

Mental Wellbeing

Mounjaro and related medications are now being studied for their effects on mental health.

Research is looking at:

• Mood and anxiety disorders
• Stress-related eating
• Motivation and energy levels
• Substance use and dependency

The idea is that by supporting brain chemistry and reducing inflammation, these medications might play a role in broader emotional regulation.

We don’t have all the answers yet. But early signs point to potential benefit in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions.

Hormones and Inflammation

Inflammation plays a role in many chronic diseases — including heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and dementia.

GLP-1 and GIP pathways seem to reduce several markers of inflammation throughout the body. This includes inflammatory proteins in fat tissue, blood vessels, and the brain.

By calming down these pathways, Mounjaro might help reduce the “background noise” of chronic inflammation that contributes to disease and ageing.

This ties into the broader longevity strategies we discuss here.

What This Means for You

Mounjaro is not a miracle drug.

But it is an example of how modern medicine is beginning to target the entire system — not just one symptom.

When the body’s key signalling systems are supported, the benefits can be broad. Appetite improves. Energy becomes steadier. Metabolism becomes more efficient.

And over time, risks to organs like the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain may also fall.

This is what makes Mounjaro interesting — not just as a weight or diabetes drug, but as part of a wider approach to healthy ageing.

Summary

Mounjaro works through the body’s own signalling systems — GLP-1 and GIP. These systems do more than control appetite and blood sugar. They also affect:

• Heart health
• Kidney function
• Brain performance
• Liver fat
• Gut balance
• Mood and mental energy

For some people, supporting these systems may help reduce long-term disease risk and support healthier ageing.

DOWNLOAD OUR FULL PRESENTATION HERE

To explore how this fits into your individual health plan, visit our Private Health Assessments microsite.

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DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA)

DHEA is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It is a precursor to testosterone and oestrogen, and it plays a significant role in making these sex hormones. Its levels in the body are highest during young adulthood and gradually decline with age.

READ MORE

HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT)

HRT is simply what it says it is. It is used around the menopause when the ovaries essentially go to sleep and stop producing oestrogen.

READ MORE

TESTOSTERONE

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is the word we associate with women, but HRT is also important in men.

READ MORE

To find out more about our Anti-Ageing treatments and Preventative Health Assessments, you can book a preliminary consultation with us here or alternatively call 020 7935 4357.

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Here, Harley Street GP, Dr Sophia Khalique, discusses how to better understand these challenge and proactive measures entrepreneurs can take to safeguard their health, as well as providing insight on fostering a healthier and sustainable leadership culture.

What are the most common health issues you observe in high-level business leaders?

“Stress-related conditions like anxiety and insomnia are very common, as business leaders are often grappling with the immense pressures of their roles.

Then there are musculoskeletal problems, like back pain and repetitive strain injuries, which come from long periods spent sitting and maybe not the best posture.

Lifestyle diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are also very prevalent, likely due to hectic schedules that make it tough to eat well and exercise regularly. And let’s not forget mental health—issues like depression and burnout are sadly not uncommon, given the constant decision-making and high-stakes responsibilities they face.

Dealing with all this calls for a balanced approach—helping them tweak their lifestyles, find ways to de-stress, and giving them personalised care that fits their busy lives.”

How does the high-stress environment of business leadership contribute to physical health problems?

“The high-stress environment of business leadership can have a big impact on physical health.

Chronic stress triggers the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which, over time, can lead to elevated blood pressure, increased risk of heart disease, and compromised immune function.

The constant pressure and long hours can also disrupt sleep patterns and contribute to conditions such as insomnia, exacerbating fatigue and impairing cognitive function.

Stress often prompts unhealthy coping mechanisms like poor dietary choices and lack of exercise, putting business leaders at greater risk of weight gain, diabetes, and other lifestyle-related ailments.”

Can you explain the impact of long working hours and poor work-life balance on mental health for CEOs?

“Long working hours and poor work-life balance can take a substantial toll on the mental health of CEOs and other business leaders. The relentless demands of their roles can lead to chronic stress, feelings of overwhelm, and a heightened sense of responsibility. This can contribute to anxiety disorders, depression, and burnout syndrome.

“Sleep disturbances are common, affecting mood regulation and cognitive function, and the lack of time for relaxation and meaningful social interactions can heighten feelings of isolation and emotional exhaustion, further compromising mental well-being.”

What strategies or interventions do you recommend for CEOs to manage stress and maintain mental well-being?

“For CEOs looking to manage stress and maintain mental well-being, I recommend prioritising regular physical activity, such as aerobic exercise or yoga, which can help alleviate stress and improve mood.

Secondly, adopting mindfulness or relaxation techniques, like meditation or deep breathing exercises, can enhance resilience to stressors.

Establishing clear boundaries between work and personal life is also really important, as well as and delegating responsibilities when possible, to promote a healthier work-life balance.

Seeking support from a therapist or counsellor can also provide valuable tools for coping with stress and addressing underlying mental health concerns.”

What specific cardiovascular risks are increased in high-level business professionals, and why?

“High-level business professionals face increased cardiovascular risks mainly due to chronic stress, sedentary lifestyles, and poor dietary habits. Stress contributes to elevated blood pressure and heart rate, which, over time, can lead to hypertension and an increased risk of heart disease.

Prolonged sitting and lack of physical activity are associated with weight gain, higher cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance, all of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes.

Additionally, frequent travel and irregular mealtimes can disrupt metabolic health, further exacerbating these risks.”

How can business leaders identify early signs of burnout and take steps to prevent it?

“Business leaders can identify early signs of burnout by paying attention to physical, emotional, and behavioural cues such as chronic fatigue, irritability, decreased motivation, and difficulty concentrating.

It’s important to recognise when work-related stress becomes overwhelming and affects personal well-being. To prevent burnout, leaders should prioritise self-care, set realistic goals, and establish boundaries to protect personal time and recharge.

Regularly enjoying hobbies, spending time with loved ones, and seeking professional support when needed can also lessen the risk of burnout.”

What role does diet, and nutrition play in maintaining the health of business leaders, and what dietary habits should they adopt?

“Diet and nutrition play a crucial role in maintaining business leaders’ health. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains supports optimal energy levels, cognitive function, and immune health.

Avoiding excessive caffeine, sugar, and processed foods can help stabilise energy levels and reduce the risk of weight gain and metabolic disorders, and regular meals and healthy snacks throughout the day can prevent dips in blood sugar and maintain focus during demanding work hours.

Hydration is also essential — drinking plenty of water supports overall health and cognitive function.”

Do you have anything else you’d like to raise?

“The most important thing for business leaders is to recognise the impact of stress, long hours, and lifestyle factors on both their physical and mental health. This is essential for sustainable leadership.

Taking proactive measures like regular health screenings and check-ups plays a pivotal role in early detection and prevention of potential health issues.

By taking charge of their health through preventive screenings, leaders can ensure they maintain optimal well-being and performance over the long term, benefiting both themselves and their businesses.”

The post The Pressures and Demands of Corporate Leadership appeared first on Dr Sophia Khalique.

A doctor has revealed simple things everyone can do to catch early signs of some of the biggest killers – including one very important tip.

Dr Sophia Khalique, a GP and expert in preventative healthcare, outlined key measures to take in regards to some of the UK’s biggest killers.

She shed light on cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, and high cholesterol in her simple quide to “peering into the future of your health”.

She told the Daily Express: “Early intervention also often means less invasive and more affordable treatments, making it easier on both you and the healthcare system.

Screenings can identify risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar, enabling you to make necessary lifestyle changes or start treatments early.”

Roughly 40 percent of cancers can be prevented, and detecting them early “makes a big difference” as they will often have a higher survival rate, such as localised breast cancer with a survival rate of 99 percent.

Dr Khalique advised: “Besides screening, simple lifestyle changes can lower your cancer risk. Not smoking and avoiding second-hand smoke are the obvious ones, but eating a healthy diet full of fruits, veggies, and plant-based foods is also key.”

Cardiovascular disease is the global number one killer, with nearly 18 million people dying of it, but your risk of having a heart attack or stroke can be reduced by up to 80 percent with early detection and preventative healthcare.

Dr Khalique explained: “Regular check-ups help manage high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which are crucial for heart health.

Living a heart-healthy lifestyle with frequent exercise, a balanced diet, quitting smoking, and moderating alcohol intake is also vital.”

Diabetes is another massive global health issue that can also affect the eyes, kidneys, and heart. It affects over 422 million people, some of whom suffer strokes and must go through amputations.

Dr Khalique stressed how “essential” early detection and preventative screenings are when it comes to diabetes, as both can “significantly reduce complications and improve quality of life”.

She added: “Regular blood glucose monitoring and managing obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are important steps.

Eating a balanced diet and staying active help maintain stable blood sugar levels and a healthy weight, which is crucial since obesity is a major risk factor for type two diabetes.”

Liver disease is another health issue impacting millions worldwide, with chronic liver disease and chirrhosis killing over 2 million people every year.

Dr Khalique said: “Early detection and preventative health assessments can catch liver conditions before they become serious. Regular liver function tests and managing risk factors like hepatitis infection, obesity, and alcohol consumption are vital.

A balanced diet, reducing saturated fats and processed foods, and regular exercise support liver health. Avoiding excessive alcohol and getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B are also important preventative measures.”

Finally, high cholesterol, which is particularly bad in the UK – affecting around six in 10 adults, increasing their risk of heart disease and strokes.

Dr Khalique explained the best ways to catch it early: “Regular cholesterol checks and a proactive approach to diet, exercise, and weight management are key.

Eating a heart-healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins helps lower bad cholesterol [LDL] and increase good cholesterol [HDL], while cutting back on saturated fats, trans fats, and dietary cholesterol from processed and fried foods is also important.”

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Research from The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that every year 17 million people will lose their lives too early from noncommunicable diseases (known as chronic diseases).

Evidence shows that if you can detect and treat a condition earlier, it leads to better health outcomes, as it may be possible to stop a disease from progressing.

Our newly launched Preventative Health Assessments, screen for all disease including heart, early cancers, inflammatory conditions and vitamin and mineral deficiencies that can lead to illness.

These health assessments options can be specifically tailored to you at the pre-assessment questionnaire stage, dependent on age, sex, and risk factors.

To discuss our Preventative Health Assessments further:

020 7935 4357 | assessments@www.drsophiakhalique.com

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I initially wrote about the use of GLP-1 analogues in my blog Keeping Your Weight Stable in September 2022.

Since then, on an almost daily basis we read about Ozempic (semaglutide), which was licenced for diabetics, then Wegovy (also semaglutide), which was licenced for weight loss, and now Mounjaro (tirzepatide).

These drugs cause weight loss by increased insulin levels, appetite suppression, and burning fat. In addition to lifestyle improvements in sleep, diet and exercising, they will play a long-term role in the future of anti-ageing medicine.

So what is Semaglutide?

It is an analogue of GLP (glucagon like peptide)-1, which works at receptors in the pancreas, stomach, intestine and nervous system.

GLP-1 increases insulin. Insulin allows cells including muscle and liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen. GLP-1 also inhibits the production of the antagonist hormone to insulin known as glucagon, which would otherwise cause glucose release into the bloodstream.

GLP-1 slows down gastric emptying, so you feel fuller for longer. This is probably the major source of the common side effects of nausea and constipation. GLP-1 also works centrally on the brain by telling the brain that we are full. This reduces hunger and appetite.

So, what is Tirzepatide?

This, in addition to working on GLP-1 receptors, works on GIP (glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptors. These receptors are found in the pancreas, in fat cells and other areas of the nervous system.

Additional effects are due to the burning of fat known as lipolysis including in the central fat deposits like the liver.

It works at receptors for GLP-1 and GIP in the brain further enhancing appetite suppression.

It reduces cholesterol levels.

Side effects are much less common than Ozempic.

Ozempic/ Wegovy vs Mounjaro

Ozempic can results in weight loss of around 15% of your body weight in 12 months. Mounjaro can result in up to 25%. With increasing availability in the UK it is superior at reducing blood sugar levels and reducing weight.

Drugs, however, are far from the only solution for improving your lifespan:

• Sleep is very important in helping metabolic changes – a minimum of 6-8 hours is needed.

• A healthy diet avoiding sugar.

• Exercise involving the muscles like lifting weights as opposed to general cardiovascular exercise like running or cycling will best augment the weight loss associated with these hormonal mechanisms as there is increased deposit of glucose as glycogen in the muscles.

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Are you feeling tired, lethargic or run-down? Have you recently recovered from an illness but are now lacking energy? IV therapies could be the solution for you.

Intravenous (IV) therapy enables us to administer key nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes, antioxidants and hydration directly to the bloodstream. The IV route allows for a better absorption rate and quicker restoration of levels in comparison to traditional oral treatments.

We are working alongside one of London’s most reputable IV clinics to provide IV therapies for our patients.

The most popular IV therapies that we advocate are the ‘Myer’s Cocktail’ and glutathione therapy.

The Myers’s Cocktail

The Myer’s cocktail was originally developed by the late John Myers MD who used it to help patients battling chronic illnesses for 25 years, before his passing in 1984. It has become increasing popular in recent years following research built on John Myer’s original framework.

The Myer’s cocktail contains high dose vitamin C, B vitamins, folic acid and magnesium. These supplements support the function of a healthy immune system and can act as ‘natural antihistamines.’ Research has shown that the Myer’s cocktail can be effective as an adjunctive treatment for conditions such as asthma, migraines, chronic fatigue, upper respiratory tract infections, chronic sinusitis and even acute muscle spasm.

Glutathione Therapy

Glutathione is a potent antioxidant which plays a vital role in many body processes to include tissue building, cell rejuvenation, strengthening of the immune system and the regulation of homeostatic pathways. It has become particularly popular in recent years following the discovery of oxidative stresses and their subsequent negative impact on the body. Oxidative stress results in the release of ‘free radicals.’ When the body is unable to detoxify these free radicals, age related damage can occur over time which directly impacts on cell rejuvenation. Sources of oxidative stress include smoking, UV radiation, pollutants and even stress. Boosting your intake of glutathione can help to treat cellular damage and oxidative stress.

Treatments are available at the practice, where our doctors are always on hand.

#myerscocktail #ivtherapy #ivdrip #vitaminb #folicacid #magnesium #vitaminc #vitamins #health #ivhydration #ivinfusion #ivvitamintherapy #ivvitamins #iv #wellness #immunesystem #ivhydrationtherapy #medicalpracticemarylebone #privategpharleystreet #privategplondon #privatedoctorharleystreet #privatedoctorlondon #gphomevisitlondon #gpofficevisitlondon #mentalhealth #healthylifestyle #menshealth #womenshealth #familyhealth

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Gaby A. Intravenous nutrient therapy: the Myers’ cocktail. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Oct;7(5):389-403.

Ali A, Njike VY, Northrup V, Sabina AB, Williams AL, Liberti LS, Perlman AI, Adelson H, Katz DL. Intravenous micronutrient therapy (Myers’ Cocktail) for fibromyalgia: a placebo-controlled pilot study. Altern Complement Med. 2009 Mar;15(3):247-57.

Spasov AA, Sanzharovskaia NK, Ostrovskiĭ OV, Martynova LA, Temkin ES, Mazanova LS. Clinical and experimental rationale of policatan administration in upper respiratory tract inflammation. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1999;(5):47-50.

Caulfield, T, & Rachul, C. Supported by science: What Canadian naturopaths advertise to the public. Allergy, Asthma {&} Clinical Immunology, 2011. 7(1), 14.

Vollbracht, C.; Kraft, K. Feasibility of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Post Viral Fatigue with Focus on Long COVID, Based on a Systematic Review of IV Vitamin C on Fatigue. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1154.

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. S. The effect of intravenous vitamin C on cancer- and chemotherapy-related fatigue and quality of life. Oncol., 16 October 2014. Sec. Cancer Molecular Targets and Therapeutics.

Ciarallo, L., Sauer, H, & Shannon, M. Intravenous magnesium therapy for moderate to 62 severe pediatric asthma: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1996. 129(6), 809-814.

Shrader, W. A. Short and long term treatment of asthma with intravenous nutrients. Nutrition Journal, 2004 3, 6.

Igal M, Bordini C, Tepper S, Speciali J. Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate in the Acute Treatment of Migraine Without Aura and Migraine with Aura. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Cephalalgia. 2002;22(5):345-353.

Fukagawa NK, VR. Plasma methionine and cysteine kinetics in response to an intravenous glutathione infusion in adult humans. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Volume 50, 2021,Pages 242-250.

Reid, Marvin, Jahoor, Farook. Glutathione in disease. Current opinion  on clinical nutrition and metabolic care. Oct 2022.

Ting Li, Jun Zeng, Di-huan Li, Guang-yu Yang, Kai Wang, Hong-fei Deng, Hua Jiang. Efficacy of intravenous vitamin C intervention for septic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Volume 50, December 2021, Pages 242-250

Erol, A. (2020, February 26). High-dose intravenous vitamin C treatment for COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/p7ex8

Padayatty SJ, Sun AY, Chen Q, Espey MG, Drisko J, Levine M (2010) Vitamin C: Intravenous Use by Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners and Adverse Effects. PLoS ONE 5(7): e11414.  Lukaski HC. Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug;20(7-8):632-44.

Boulis M, Boulis M, Clauw D. Magnesium and Fibromyalgia: A Literature Review. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021 Jan-Dec;12.

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